什么是间接引语？
间接引语（也叫Reported Speech）是转述别人说的话，不使用原话。
直接引语： Tom said, “I am tired.” 间接引语： Tom said that he was tired.
SPM在语法题、完形填空和摘要写作中都会考间接引语。
三大变化
一、时态后移（Tense Backshift）
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|
| 一般现在时: “I play football.” | 一般过去时: He said he played football. |
| 现在进行时: “I am playing.” | 过去进行时: He said he was playing. |
| 现在完成时: “I have finished.” | 过去完成时: He said he had finished. |
| 一般过去时: “I played.” | 过去完成时: He said he had played. |
| will: “I will go.” | would: He said he would go. |
| can: “I can swim.” | could: He said he could swim. |
| may: “I may come.” | might: He said he might come. |
| must: “I must study.” | had to: He said he had to study. |
重要例外——不需要时态后移：
- 引述动词是现在时：She says she is tired.（不变）
- 陈述的是普遍真理：He said the sun rises in the east.（不变）
二、代词变化
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|
| I | he / she |
| me | him / her |
| my | his / her |
| we | they |
| our | their |
例子：
- “I will bring my book,” she said. → She said she would bring her book.
- “We enjoyed our trip,” they said. → They said they had enjoyed their trip.
三、时间和地点表达变化
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| here | there |
| this | that |
| ago | before |
| last week | the week before |
| next month | the following month |
转述陈述句
标准句型用”said (that)”：
- She said, “I like English.” → She said (that) she liked English.
“that”可以省略——两种写法都对。
其他引述动词：
- told（需要宾语）: She told me that she liked English.
- explained: He explained that the exam was difficult.
- mentioned: She mentioned that she was leaving.
SPM常见错误： “She said me that…” ✗ 正确： “She told me that…” ✓ 或 “She said that…” ✓
记住：said = 不跟宾语。told = 必须跟宾语。
转述疑问句
Yes/No问句
用”if”或”whether”：
- “Do you like English?” she asked. → She asked if I liked English.
- “Are you coming?” he asked. → He asked whether I was coming.
Wh-问句
保留疑问词，但改为陈述句语序：
- “Where do you live?” he asked. → He asked where I lived.（不是”where did I live”）
- “What are you doing?” she asked. → She asked what I was doing.
关键规则： 间接问句用陈述句语序——主语在动词前面。不加问号。
转述命令和请求
用”told/asked/ordered + 宾语 + to不定式”：
- “Close the door,” she said. → She told me to close the door.
- “Please help me,” he said. → He asked me to help him.
- “Don’t be late,” she said. → She told me not to be late.
SPM常见错误
错误一：双重过去式
错： He said he didn’t went. 对： He said he didn’t go. 或 He said he hadn’t gone.
错误二：保持疑问句语序
错： She asked where did I live. 对： She asked where I lived.
错误三：间接问句加问号
错： She asked if I was coming**?** 对： She asked if I was coming**.**
错误四：忘记改代词
错： Tom said I was tired.（听起来像说话者自己累了） 对： Tom said he was tired.
错误五：say后面加宾语
错： She said me that she was busy. 对： She told me that she was busy.
练习
改为间接引语：
- “I am studying for SPM,” she said.
- “Do you understand?” the teacher asked.
- “Where does your father work?” he asked me.
- “I will help you tomorrow,” she promised.
- “Don’t copy during the exam,” the teacher said.
答案：
- She said (that) she was studying for SPM.
- The teacher asked if I understood.
- He asked me where my father worked.
- She promised (that) she would help me the next day.
- The teacher told us not to copy during the exam.
系统构建语法
间接引语和很多语法主题相关——时态、代词、情态动词、疑问句。在SPMEnglish.com.my，我们的语法课程把这些主题作为一个连贯系统来教，而不是孤立的规则。WhatsApp我们，系统地加强你的语法。