什么是构词法？
构词法是将一个词从一种形式变成另一种形式的过程：
“She made a wise _____ (decide).” 答案：decision（从动词变成名词）
四大词类
| 词类 | 功能 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 名词 | 命名事物/人/概念 | education, happiness |
| 动词 | 表示动作 | educate, achieve |
| 形容词 | 描述名词 | educational, happy |
| 副词 | 描述动词/形容词 | educationally, happily |
常见后缀
名词后缀
- -tion/-sion: education, decision
- -ment: achievement, development
- -ness: happiness, kindness
- -ity: ability, safety
- -ence/-ance: confidence, importance
- -er/-or: teacher, actor
形容词后缀
- -ful: beautiful, helpful
- -less: careless, homeless
- -ous: dangerous, famous
- -al: educational, national
- -ive: creative, active
- -able/-ible: comfortable, responsible
副词后缀
- -ly: quickly, happily, carefully
常见否定前缀
| 前缀 | 含义 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| un- | 不 | unhappy, unable |
| in- | 不 | incorrect, incomplete |
| im- | 不（m, p前） | impossible, impatient |
| ir- | 不（r前） | irregular, irresponsible |
| il- | 不（l前） | illegal, illiterate |
| dis- | 相反 | disagree, dishonest |
| mis- | 错误地 | misunderstand, misspell |
SPM最常考的转换模式
动词 → 名词
decide → decision, achieve → achievement, improve → improvement, explain → explanation, succeed → success
形容词 → 名词
happy → happiness, important → importance, confident → confidence, strong → strength, wide → width
名词/动词 → 形容词
beauty → beautiful, danger → dangerous, success → successful, create → creative, science → scientific
形容词 → 副词
quick → quickly, careful → carefully, happy → happily
答题方法
第一步：判断需要什么词类
- 冠词（a/the）后面 → 可能是名词
- 名词前面 → 可能是形容词
- 动词后面 → 可能是副词
第二步：变换给出的词
用正确的后缀或前缀。
第三步：检查语法
变换后的词是否语法正确？
练习
- Her _____ (perform) was excellent. → performance
- It is _____ (possible) to finish today. → impossible
- He spoke _____ (confident). → confidently
- The _____ (destroy) of the forest is alarming. → destruction
- She is very _____ (create). → creative
- We must _____ (strong) our English. → strengthen
- His _____ (care) caused the accident. → carelessness
- The decision was made _____ (immediate). → immediately
系统扩大词汇量
构词技能让你的词汇成倍增加——每学一个词就多了3-4个相关词。在SPMEnglish.com.my，我们通过词族教词汇，用中英双语让你高效学习。WhatsApp我们，系统性扩大你的词汇量。