什么是直接引语和间接引语？
直接引语用引号引用某人说的原话： She said, “I am studying for my exam.”
间接引语（也叫转述句）报告某人说的话，不用引号： She said that she was studying for her exam.
SPM英文在Paper 1 Section A（语法题）中考这个话题，在叙事作文中报告对话时也很有用。
基本转换规则
从直接引语转为间接引语时，三样东西会变：
1. 时态后退一步
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|
| 一般现在时 → | 一般过去时 |
| 现在进行时 → | 过去进行时 |
| 一般过去时 → | 过去完成时 |
| 现在完成时 → | 过去完成时 |
| will → | would |
| can → | could |
| may → | might |
| must → | had to |
例子：
- 直接：He said, “I am happy.” → 间接：He said that he was happy.
- 直接：She said, “I will come.” → 间接：She said that she would come.
- 直接：They said, “We have finished.” → 间接：They said that they had finished.
2. 代词变化
- I → he/she
- we → they
- my → his/her
- our → their
- me → him/her
3. 时间和地点表达变化
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---|---|
| today（今天） | that day（那天） |
| tomorrow（明天） | the next day（第二天） |
| yesterday（昨天） | the day before（前一天） |
| now（现在） | then（当时） |
| here（这里） | there（那里） |
| this（这个） | that（那个） |
转述不同类型的句子
转述陈述句
- 直接：He said, “The exam is difficult.”
- 间接：He said (that) the exam was difficult.
注意： “said”不需要宾语，“told”必须有宾语：
- He said the exam was difficult. ✓
- He told me the exam was difficult. ✓
- He told the exam was difficult. ✗
转述疑问句
是非问句 — 用”if”或”whether”：
- 直接：She asked, “Are you coming?”
- 间接：She asked if I was coming.
特殊疑问句 — 用疑问词，但改为陈述语序：
- 直接：He asked, “Where do you live?”
- 间接：He asked where I lived.
重要： 间接引语中的疑问句不用问号或疑问语序：
- 错误： He asked where did I live?
- 正确： He asked where I lived.
转述命令和请求
用”told/asked + 某人 + to + 动词原形”：
- 直接：“Open your books.”
- 间接：The teacher told us to open our books.
否定命令：
- 直接：“Don’t be late.”
- 间接：She told me not to be late.
例外：时态不变的情况
- 转述动词用现在时： She says that she is tired.
- 一般真理： The teacher said the Earth revolves around the Sun.
- 情况仍然成立： She said she works at a bank.（如果她还在那里工作）
常见的SPM错误
间接疑问句保留直接引语语序
错误： She asked where was the library. 正确： She asked where the library was.
在疑问句中用”that”
错误： He asked that whether I was free. 正确： He asked whether I was free.
忘记改变时间表达
错误： He said he would come tomorrow. 正确： He said he would come the next day.
”say”后面加宾语
错误： She said me to sit down. 正确： She told me to sit down.
练习
转为间接引语：
- “I have never been to Penang,” she said.
- “Where did you buy this book?” he asked me.
- “Please submit your assignment by Friday,” the teacher said.
答案：
- She said that she had never been to Penang.
- He asked me where I had bought that book.
- The teacher asked us to submit our assignment by Friday.
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