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SPM英文:如何描写人物、地点和事件

掌握SPM英文作文中的描写技巧。学习感官细节、展示而非叙述的技巧,以及描写人物、场景和事件的词汇库。

By Teacher Daletha · 7 min read · 11 Apr 2024
8年教学经验
2,000+学生
83%学生提升2+等级
SPM英文专家

“告诉”和”展示”的区别

大多数SPM学生告诉读者发生了什么。A等级的学生展示给读者看。

告诉: The old man was sad.(老人很悲伤。)

展示: The old man sat alone on the park bench, tracing circles on the armrest with a trembling finger. His eyes, red-rimmed and unfocused, stared at something no one else could see.(老人独自坐在公园长椅上,颤抖的手指在扶手上画着圈。他通红的眼眶失去焦点,凝视着别人看不见的东西。)

两者描写的是同一个人。但第二个版本分数更高,因为考官能看到这个老人。这就是描写文的力量——它在读者脑海中创造画面。

描写技巧适用于SPM英文的方方面面:叙事文、描写文,甚至导向写作中的描述部分。掌握它,每篇作文都会提升。

如何描写人物

外貌描写:不要只说”Tall”和”Beautiful”

不要用笼统的形容词,使用让人物独特的具体细节

笼统: She was a beautiful girl.

具体: Her long dark hair, always braided over one shoulder, swayed as she walked. A scatter of freckles ran across her nose, giving her face a perpetual look of curiosity.(她的长黑发总是编成辫子搭在一肩上,走路时轻轻摇摆。鼻梁上散布着雀斑,让她的脸上永远带着好奇的神情。)

词汇库:外貌描写

脸部和表情:

  • weathered(饱经风霜), angular(棱角分明), gaunt(消瘦), freckled(有雀斑的)
  • a warm smile(温暖的微笑), a crooked grin(歪嘴笑), furrowed brows(紧锁的眉头), piercing gaze(锐利的目光)

体型和姿态:

  • broad-shouldered(宽肩), wiry(精瘦结实), stocky(矮壮), slender(苗条), hunched(佝偻)
  • walked with a brisk stride(快步走), shuffled along(拖着脚走), moved with quiet confidence(沉稳自信地走)

独特特征:

  • calloused hands(长满老茧的手——暗示辛苦劳动)
  • ink-stained fingers(沾满墨水的手指——暗示写作者)

性格描写:通过行为展示,不要贴标签

不要说”she was kind”(她很善良)。通过人物的行为来展现善良:

During recess, while everyone rushed to the canteen, Nurul stayed behind to help Ahmad pick up the books he’d dropped. She didn’t say anything — just knelt down and started gathering them.

读者自己得出”她很善良”的结论,而不需要你直接告诉他们。这比直接贴标签有说服力得多。

词汇库:通过行动展现性格

不要写…这样展示…
He was brave(他很勇敢)He stepped forward when no one else would(别人都退缩时他站了出来)
She was shy(她很害羞)She spoke so softly the teacher asked her to repeat herself twice(她说话太轻,老师让她重复了两次)
He was lazy(他很懒)His homework sat untouched in his bag for three days(作业在书包里放了三天没动)
She was generous(她很慷慨)She split her lunch in half and slid the larger portion across the table(她把午餐分成两半,把大的那份推到对面)

如何描写地点

五感描写法

大多数学生描写地点只用视觉。A等级的描写至少调动3种感官。

只有视觉: The market was crowded and colourful.(市场人很多,很热闹。)

多感官: The pasar malam stretched down both sides of the narrow street, tables groaning under pyramids of mangosteens and spiky durians. The sweet rot of overripe fruit mixed with the sharp sizzle of satay dripping fat onto charcoal. Somewhere behind the crowd, a radio crackled out a dangdut tune.

这个版本有视觉(水果堆成金字塔)、嗅觉(过熟水果的甜腐味)、听觉(沙爹滋滋声、收音机播放dangdut音乐)。

词汇库:场景描写

市场/街景:

  • bustling(熙熙攘攘), teeming(人头攒动), crammed(挤满)
  • the hiss of woks(锅的嘶嘶声), the clatter of plastic stools(塑料凳的碰撞声)
  • steam rising from pots(锅里升腾的蒸汽), fairy lights strung between poles(灯杆之间挂着的彩灯)

学校:

  • the squeak of shoes on linoleum(鞋子在地板上的吱吱声)
  • chalk dust hanging in a beam of sunlight(粉笔灰在阳光中飘浮)
  • the hum of ceiling fans struggling against the afternoon heat(吊扇在午后高温中嗡嗡转动)

自然/乡村:

  • dew clinging to lalang grass(露水挂在茅草上), mist rolling between hills(薄雾在山间翻滚)
  • the shrill chorus of cicadas(蝉的尖锐合唱)
  • the smell of woodsmoke and damp earth after rain(雨后柴烟和湿土的气味)

结构:从远景到特写

像摄影机一样描写场景:

  1. 远景 ——整体画面:“The fishing village clung to the edge of the river, a handful of wooden houses on stilts overlooking the murky brown water.”
  2. 中景 ——聚焦某个区域:“On the nearest jetty, a row of fishing boats bobbed gently, their blue hulls faded by years of sun and salt.”
  3. 特写 ——一个具体细节:“A coil of frayed rope lay at the jetty’s edge, its end trailing in the current like a tired snake.”

这种结构让描写有序且有层次感。

如何描写事件

之前、期间、之后

描写事件最简单的结构:

  1. 之前 ——营造期待感:“The school hall buzzed with nervous energy. Students clutched their scripts, mouthing lines to themselves.”
  2. 期间 ——捕捉动作和情感:“When Siti stepped onto the stage, the murmuring stopped. She drew a breath so deep her shoulders lifted, then spoke — and her voice filled every corner of the hall.”
  3. 之后 ——展现影响:“The applause started slowly, then swelled until it shook the windows.”

动作描写:使用强动词

弱描写依赖形容词。强描写使用精准的动词

弱(形容词堆砌)强(动词驱动)
She was very scared and walked slowlyShe crept forward, flinching at every shadow(她蹑手蹑脚地往前走,每个影子都让她一缩)
The rain was very heavyRain hammered the zinc roof like a drum roll(雨水像鼓点一样猛敲锌板屋顶)
He was really angryHe slammed the book shut and stormed out(他把书一摔,怒气冲冲地走了出去)

修辞手法:A等级加分项

自然地使用修辞手法向考官展示你的英语驾驭能力:

明喻(用”like”或”as”比较)

  • The old library smelled like a mix of vanilla and dust.
  • She was as calm as still water, even before the exam.

暗喻(说某物”是”另一物)

  • The classroom was an oven in the afternoon.(教室是一个下午的烤炉)
  • Fear was a stone sitting in my stomach.(恐惧是胃里的一块石头)

拟人(赋予非人事物人的特征)

  • The wind whispered secrets through the casuarina trees.(风在木麻黄树间低语秘密)
  • The old clock on the wall groaned every hour.(墙上的老钟每小时呻吟一次)

SPM建议: 每篇作文使用2-3个修辞手法。太多会显得刻意。

描写文常见错误

错误一:过度使用”Very”和”Really”

这些词很弱。用更强的替代词:

  • very tired → exhausted(精疲力竭)
  • really happy → elated(欣喜若狂)
  • very big → massive(巨大的), towering(高耸的)

错误二:使用陈词滥调

避免每个学生都在写的老套表达:

  • “crystal clear water” → 试试 “water so clear you could count the pebbles at the bottom”
  • “butterflies in my stomach” → 试试 “my stomach clenched like a fist”

错误三:每个细节都平均着墨

不是每个细节都值得同样的关注。聚焦2-3个关键细节,创造最强的印象。描写文中,少即是多。

想掌握描写写作技巧?

描写能力是SPM英文作文中最值分数的技能之一。在SPMEnglish.com.my,我们通过每篇作文的个性化反馈来训练这些技巧。WhatsApp我们%20and%20I%27d%20like%20to%20enquire%20about%20tutoring.)了解我们如何帮助你写出出众的作文。

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Teacher Daletha
8 years teaching SPM English · 2,000+ students tutored · 83% of students improve by 2+ grades · Bilingual teaching (English & Mandarin) · SPM English subject matter specialist

Teacher Daletha创办SPMEnglish.com.my,帮助马来西亚学生——尤其是华校和国民学校背景的学生——在SPM英文考试中取得更高分数。她用英文和华语将复杂的英文概念分解为清晰实用的步骤,让学生真正理解后再运用。

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