跳至内容
考试策略

SPM英文如何改写:摘要写作的核心技能

改写是摘要写作的关键技能——但大多数学生只是把原文稍微改几个词。学习5个真正改写的技巧。

By Teacher Daletha · 7 min read · 8 Sept 2024
8年教学经验
2,000+学生
83%学生提升2+等级
SPM英文专家

为什么改写在SPM中很重要

改写——用自己的话表达别人的观点——对两个SPM任务至关重要:

  1. 摘要写作(Paper 1, 部分E): 你必须找出要点并用自己的话在字数限制内重写
  2. 阅读理解: 有些题目要求你”用自己的话”解释段落的意思

只是从文章中抄句子、换一两个词的学生会丢分。考官奖励的是展示真正理解的原创改写。

好的改写长什么样

原文: “The rapid increase in plastic waste has caused severe damage to marine ecosystems.”

差的改写(太接近原文): “The fast increase in plastic waste has caused bad damage to sea ecosystems.” (只换了几个形容词——这不是真正的改写)

好的改写: “Marine environments have been seriously harmed by the growing amount of plastic pollution.” (改变了结构、词汇和语序,同时保持了相同的意思)

5个改写技巧

技巧一:换词汇(同义词)

原词同义词选择
increaserise, growth, surge
decreasedecline, drop, reduction
importantcrucial, significant, vital
difficultchallenging, demanding
causelead to, result in, bring about
helpassist, aid, support
showdemonstrate, reveal, indicate

原文: “Exercise helps reduce stress levels.” 改写: “Physical activity assists in lowering anxiety.”

技巧二:改变句子结构

重新排列信息的顺序:

原文: “Students who read regularly perform better in exams.” 改写: “Better exam performance is linked to regular reading habits among students.”

技巧三:主动语态变被动语态(反之亦然)

原文(主动): “The government has implemented new policies.” 改写(被动): “New policies have been introduced by the government.”

原文(被动): “The forest was destroyed by illegal logging.” 改写(主动): “Illegal logging destroyed the forest.”

技巧四:改变词性

名词变动词、形容词变名词等:

原文: “There has been a significant improvement in test scores.” 改写: “Test scores have improved significantly.”(名词→动词,形容词→副词)

原文: “She was successful in the competition.” 改写: “She succeeded in the competition.”(形容词→动词)

技巧五:合并或拆分句子

原文(两句): “Air pollution is increasing in cities. This is mainly caused by vehicle emissions.” 改写(一句): “Rising urban air pollution is primarily due to exhaust fumes from vehicles.”

摘要写作的改写步骤

第一步:阅读和理解

把相关段落读两三遍。没有真正理解之前不要开始写。

第二步:找出要点

画出主要观点。忽略例子、重复和细节。

第三步:合上原文

把文章放在一边。试着从记忆中回忆要点。

第四步:用自己的话写

不看原文,用你自己的词汇和句型写出那些观点。

第五步:对照原文检查

把你的版本和原文比较,确保:

  • 意思准确
  • 没有不小心抄了原文短语
  • 在字数限制内

常见改写错误

错误一:只换了几个词

这不是改写——只是换词。结构也要改。

错误二:改变了意思

“Most”(大多数)和”all”(所有)意思不同。必须保持原文的确切含义。

错误三:变得更长

摘要的改写应该比原文更短,不是更长。去掉不必要的词,合并观点。

错误四:用不确定的复杂词

不要把简单词换成你不确定的复杂同义���。清楚比听起来厉害但用错了要好。

练习

改写这些句子:

  1. “The number of tourists visiting Malaysia has increased significantly over the past decade.”
  2. “Students who spend too much time on social media often perform poorly in examinations.”
  3. “Regular exercise is important for maintaining good physical and mental health.”

参考改写:

  1. “Over the last ten years, Malaysia has seen a substantial rise in tourist arrivals.”
  2. “Excessive use of social media tends to negatively affect students’ academic results.”
  3. “Staying physically active plays a vital role in keeping both the body and mind healthy.”

加强你的改写能力

在SPMEnglish.com.my,我们的阅读与理解课程包括有针对性的摘要写作练习,教你在考试条件下高效改写。WhatsApp我们,掌握能得分的改写技能。

相关资源

Found this helpful? Get personalised SPM English coaching — WhatsApp us now.

立即 WhatsApp 我们
T
Teacher Daletha
8 years teaching SPM English · 2,000+ students tutored · 83% of students improve by 2+ grades · Bilingual teaching (English & Mandarin) · SPM English subject matter specialist

Teacher Daletha创办SPMEnglish.com.my,帮助马来西亚学生——尤其是华校和国民学校背景的学生——在SPM英文考试中取得更高分数。她用英文和华语将复杂的英文概念分解为清晰实用的步骤,让学生真正理解后再运用。

改写 摘要写作 SPM English 写作技巧 Paper 1

Find SPM English Tutoring Near You

别等到来不及了

SPM考试即将到来。每耽误一周,就会落后更多。加入我们的1对1或小组在线课程 — 现在就WhatsApp我们。

立即 WhatsApp 我们

无需承诺。没有强迫推销。只是一次对话。