什么是动词搭配?
在英文中,当一个动词后面跟着另一个动词时,第二个动词必须采用特定的形式。要么是动名词(动词 + -ing),要么是不定式(to + 动词)。你不能随意选择——每个动词都要求特定的搭配模式。
- “I enjoy swimming.”(动名词)✓
- “I enjoy to swim.”(不定式)✗
- “I want to leave.”(不定式)✓
- “I want leaving.”(动名词)✗
这个知识点在SPM英文中通过两种方式考查:
- 试卷一语法/完形填空题: 你必须选择正确的形式
- 作文写作: 错误的动词搭配让你的文章听起来不自然,导致语言准确性失分
只能接动名词的动词(-ing)
这些动词后面必须跟-ing形式。绝对不要在它们后面用不定式。
| 动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| enjoy(享受) | “I enjoy reading novels before bed.” |
| avoid(避免) | “She avoids eating spicy food.” |
| suggest(建议) | “He suggested going to the library.” |
| consider(考虑) | “We should consider moving to a bigger house.” |
| mind(介意) | “Do you mind waiting for a moment?“ |
| practise(练习) | “She practises playing the piano daily.” |
| finish(完成) | “Have you finished writing your essay?“ |
| keep(持续) | “He keeps forgetting his homework.” |
| admit(承认) | “She admitted copying from her friend.” |
| deny(否认) | “He denied stealing the money.” |
| risk(冒险) | “Don’t risk driving in the storm.” |
| imagine(想象) | “Can you imagine living in London?“ |
| miss(想念) | “I miss talking to my grandmother.” |
| postpone(推迟) | “They postponed holding the event.” |
| give up(放弃) | “She gave up trying to fix the computer.” |
记忆技巧: 这些动词大多描述对正在发生或已在考虑的动作的反应。“Enjoy, miss, keep, finish”——动作已经在进行中或在脑海里。中文思维中,“享受做某事”、“错过做某事”——动作是已经存在的。
只能接不定式的动词(to + 动词)
这些动词后面必须跟”to + 动词”。不要在它们后面用动名词。
| 动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| want(想要) | “I want to become a doctor.” |
| decide(决定) | “She decided to study abroad.” |
| hope(希望) | “We hope to visit Japan next year.” |
| plan(计划) | “They plan to build a new school.” |
| agree(同意) | “He agreed to help with the project.” |
| refuse(拒绝) | “She refused to answer the question.” |
| promise(承诺) | “I promise to call you tomorrow.” |
| offer(提出) | “He offered to carry her bags.” |
| learn(学习) | “She is learning to drive.” |
| afford(负担得起) | “We can’t afford to buy a new car.” |
| manage(设法做到) | “He managed to pass the exam.” |
| seem(似乎) | “She seems to understand the topic.” |
| pretend(假装) | “He pretended to be asleep.” |
| expect(期望) | “I expect to finish by Friday.” |
| choose(选择) | “She chose to remain silent.” |
记忆技巧: 这些动词大多描述意图、计划或面向未来的行动。“Want, hope, plan, decide”——动作还没发生。中文里想想”想要去做”、“决定去做”——都是指向未来的。
两种都能接——但含义不同的动词
这些是SPM英文中最棘手的动词,因为根据你用动名词还是不定式,意思会完全改变。
Stop(停止)
- stop + 动名词 = 停止做某个动作
- “He stopped smoking.”(他戒烟了。)
- stop + 不定式 = 暂停正在做的事去做另一件事
- “He stopped to smoke.”(他停下来去抽烟。)
华校学生注意: 中文说”他停止抽烟”和”他停下来抽烟”——意思完全不同,英文也是一样的道理。
Remember(记得)
- remember + 动名词 = 记得过去做过的事
- “I remember locking the door.”(我记得我锁了门。)
- remember + 不定式 = 记住要去做某事
- “Remember to lock the door.”(记得要锁门。)
Forget(忘记)
- forget + 动名词 = 不会忘记过去的经历
- “I’ll never forget meeting the Prime Minister.”(那段记忆永远不会消失。)
- forget + 不定式 = 忘了去做某事
- “I forgot to meet him at the airport.”(我忘了去机场接他。)
Try(尝试)
- try + 动名词 = 试试某种方法
- “Try adding more salt.”(试试多加点盐。)
- try + 不定式 = 努力尝试做困难的事
- “I tried to open the door, but it was locked.”(我试着开门,但门锁了。)
Regret(后悔/遗憾)
- regret + 动名词 = 后悔做过的事
- “I regret telling her the secret.”(我后悔告诉了她秘密。)
- regret + 不定式 = 遗憾地通知(正式用法)
- “We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.”
SPM常见错误
以下是我在学生作业中最常见的错误:
错误1:enjoy后面用不定式
- ✗ “I enjoy to play badminton.”
- ✓ “I enjoy playing badminton.”
错误2:want后面用动名词
- ✗ “I want going to the mall.”
- ✓ “I want to go to the mall.”
错误3:decide后面用动名词
- ✗ “She decided studying medicine.”
- ✓ “She decided to study medicine.”
错误4:混淆”stop to do”和”stop doing”
- “The teacher stopped talking.”(老师不说话了。)
- “The teacher stopped to talk to a parent.”(老师停下脚步,和家长说话。)
错误5:介词后面用错形式 在介词(in, on, at, about, for, without, by, before, after)后面,永远用动名词。
- ✗ “She is interested in to learn English.”
- ✓ “She is interested in learning English.”
- ✗ “Thank you for to help me.”
- ✓ “Thank you for helping me.”
练习题
用正确的形式(动名词或不定式)填空:
- She enjoys _______ (read) mystery novels.
- They decided _______ (postpone) the trip.
- I can’t afford _______ (buy) a new phone.
- He avoids _______ (eat) fast food.
- We hope _______ (travel) to Penang next month.
- She admitted _______ (cheat) in the test.
- Do you mind _______ (close) the window?
- I remember _______ (visit) this temple as a child.(回忆过去)
- Remember _______ (bring) your dictionary tomorrow.(提醒未来)
- He stopped _______ (check) his phone during the exam.(停止这个动作)
答案
- reading
- to postpone
- to buy
- eating
- to travel
- cheating
- closing
- visiting(回忆过去的经历)
- to bring(对未来的提醒)
- checking(他停止了查看手机的动作)
快速判断法则
考试中不确定时,问自己:
- 动作正在发生或已经经历过? → 用动名词(enjoy doing, finish doing, keep doing)
- 动作是计划中或未来的? → 用不定式(want to do, plan to do, decide to do)
- 动词前面有介词? → 一定用动名词(interested in doing, good at doing)
这个法则覆盖大约80%的情况。其余的需要记住具体的动词搭配——尤其是那些会改变含义的。
想了解更多语法话题,可以看看我们的主动语态与被动语态指南和易混淆词汇。如果你想全面复习语法与句子结构,我们有详细的专题页面。
通过个性化辅导掌握语法
动词搭配是那种通过练习加反馈效果最好的语法领域。在我们的课程中,我们会找出你的具体薄弱点,反复练习直到变成自动反应——这样你在考试中就不会浪费时间犹豫了。
通过WhatsApp联系我们,咨询我们为SPM英文量身定制的语法辅导课程。