为什么逐字翻译行不通
每个马来西亚学生在写英文之前都会先用马来语(或华语)思考。这很正常。问题出在逐字翻译——马来语和英语的语法结构不同,在马来语中正确的说法在英语中往往是错的。
好消息是:数千名学生犯的都是同样的错误。改正这20个模式,你就能消除SPM考官看到的大部分错误。
语序错误
1. 形容词位置
马来语: 名词 + 形容词(baju merah = 衣服 红色的) 英语: 形容词 + 名词
| 错(马来语语序) | 对(英语语序) |
|---|---|
| shirt red | red shirt |
| student clever | clever student |
2. “Yang”结构
马来语: Pelajar yang rajin akan berjaya. 错: The student that hardworking will succeed. 对: The hardworking student will succeed.
动词错误
3. 缺少Be动词
马来语不像英语那样使用be动词(am, is, are)。
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| She happy. | She is happy. |
| They going to school. | They are going to school. |
| The food delicious. | The food is delicious. |
4. “Got”滥用
在马来西亚英语中,“got”替代了have、there is等。标准英语中:
| 马来西亚英语 | 标准英语 |
|---|---|
| Got many people. | There are many people. |
| I got two brothers. | I have two brothers. |
5. 用”Already”表过去时
马来语: Saya sudah makan.(我已经吃。) 错: I eat already. 对: I have already eaten. / I already ate.
6. 时态混乱
马来语不改变动词形式来表示时态。英语需要时态标记:
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| Yesterday I go to school. | Yesterday I went to school. |
| She cook every day. | She cooks every day. |
介词错误
7. “Discuss About”
马来语: Berbincang tentang(讨论关于) 错: We discussed about the problem. 对: We discussed the problem.(discuss本身已含”谈论”之意)
8. 介词选择错误
| 错(源自马来语) | 对 |
|---|---|
| depend to | depend on |
| marry with | marry(不需要介词) |
| listen the music | listen to the music |
| interested on | interested in |
| afraid with | afraid of |
冠词和代词错误
9. 缺少冠词
马来语没有冠词(a, an, the)。学生经常忘记:
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| I want to be doctor. | I want to be a doctor. |
| Book is on table. | The book is on the table. |
10. 性别混淆
马来语用”dia”同时表示他和她。学生有时在英文中混淆:
解决办法: 写作前确定主语是男是女,全篇保持一致。
句子结构错误
11. “Because… So…”双连词
马来语: Kerana… jadi…(因为…所以…) 错: Because it rained, so we stayed home. 对: Because it rained, we stayed home. 或 It rained, so we stayed home.
华语中也有这个习惯(因为…所以…),所以华校学生要特别注意。
12. “Although… But…”双连词
马来语: Walaupun… tetapi…(虽然…但是…) 错: Although she was tired, but she continued. 对: Although she was tired, she continued.
华语同样(虽然…但是…),这是华校学生最常犯的错误之一。
词汇转移错误
13. “Open”和”Close”滥用
马来语: Buka(开)和tutup(关)用途广泛。
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| Open the light. | Turn on the light. |
| Close the TV. | Turn off the TV. |
| Open your shoes. | Take off your shoes. |
华语也一样:“开灯”≠ “open the light”,应该是”turn on the light”。
14. “Follow”误用
马来语: “Ikut”意思是跟随、陪同和根据。
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| Can I follow you?(意思:陪你去) | Can I come with you? |
| Follow me, it’s correct.(意思:照我说的) | According to me, it’s correct. |
15. “Send”误用
马来语: “Hantar”意思是送、带某人去、寄。
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| My mother send me to school.(开车送) | My mother takes/drives me to school. |
16. “Borrow” vs “Lend”
马来语: “Pinjam”同时表示借入和借出。
| 错 | 对 |
|---|---|
| Can you borrow me your pen? | Can you lend me your pen? |
| I want to lend a book from the library. | I want to borrow a book from the library. |
记住: 你向别人borrow FROM。你lend TO给别人。
华语中”借”也是同样的双义问题。
如何停止逐字翻译
- 多读英文 — 通过大量接触在大脑中建立自然的英语模式
- 学短语,不是单个词 — 不要记”depend = bergantung”,要记”depend on”
- 用英语思考 — 练习用英语描述你的一天,不要先写马来语或华语
- 用英英词典 — 它教你单词实际上怎么用
系统纠正这些错误
这些翻译错误是可预测的——每个以马来语为母语的学生都会犯。在SPMEnglish.com.my,我们的语法课程专门针对马来语到英语的转移错误,因为我们理解导致这些错误的语言模式。WhatsApp我们,系统地纠正这些错误。