SPM英文50个必备短语动词 — 含义、例句与技巧

什么是短语动词？为什么对SPM重要？

短语动词（phrasal verb）是动词与介词或副词组合后产生新含义的词组。例如，“give up”不是”向上给”的意思——而是”放弃”。

SPM英文在几个方面测试短语动词：

完形填空（Paper 1）— 填入正确的短语动词
阅读理解（Paper 2）— 在语境中理解短语动词
作文写作 — 自然使用短语动词展示词汇广度

按主题分类的50个必备短语动词

交流与关系

短语动词	含义	例句
Bring up	提及话题；抚养	She brought up* an important point.*
Get along	关系融洽	I get along* well with my classmates.*
Fall out	吵架；绝交	They fell out* over a misunderstanding.*
Make up	和好	They made up* the next day.*
Turn down	拒绝	He turned down* the invitation.*
Look up to	敬仰	I look up to* my teacher.*
Put up with	忍受	She had to put up with* the noise.*

学习与学校

短语动词	含义	例句
Catch up	赶上进度	I need to catch up* on missed lessons.*
Figure out	弄清楚；解决	She figured out* the problem.*
Go over	复习	Let’s go over* the notes before the exam.*
Hand in	上交	Please hand in* your homework by Friday.*
Keep up	跟上	He struggled to keep up* with the class.*
Look up	查找信息	I looked up* the meaning of that word.*
Point out	指出	The teacher pointed out* several errors.*
Work out	计算；解决	I need to work out* the answer.*

日常生活

短语动词	含义	例句
Carry out	执行；完成	Students carried out* the experiment.*
Come across	偶然发现	I came across* an interesting article.*
Deal with	处理	She knows how to deal with* pressure.*
Give up	放弃	Don’t give up* even when it’s hard.*
Look after	照顾	She looks after* her younger siblings.*
Look forward to	期待	I’m looking forward to* the holidays.*
Pick up	非正式学会；接	She picked up* English through reading.*
Put off	推迟	Don’t put off* your revision.*
Run out of	用完	We ran out of* time during the exam.*
Set up	建立	They set up* a recycling programme.*

感受与观点

短语动词	含义	例句
Calm down	冷静下来	Calm down before the exam.
Come up with	想出（主意）	She came up with* a creative solution.*
Find out	发现；了解	I found out* the test was postponed.*
Look into	调查	The principal will look into* the complaint.*
Take after	像（家人）	She takes after* her mother.*

变化与进展

短语动词	含义	例句
Break down	故障；崩溃	The bus broke down* on the way.*
Bring about	引起；导致	Technology brought about* major changes.*
Cut down on	减少	She cut down on* screen time.*
End up	最终变成	You’ll end up* failing if you don’t study.*
Go on	继续	She went on* studying despite difficulties.*
Turn out	结果是	The event turned out* to be a success.*
Call off	取消	Sports day was called off* due to rain.*

如何有效学习短语动词

1. 在语境中学习

不要死记”bring up = 提及”。而是学习完整的句子，大脑记住故事比记住定义更容易。

2. 按基础动词分组

把使用相同基础动词的短语动词放在一起学：

Take up, take after, take over, take into account
Look up, look after, look into, look up to, look forward to

3. 在作文中使用

挑战自己在每篇作文中自然使用3-5个短语动词。这向考官展示你的词汇广度，直接影响分数。

4. 阅读时注意它们

每次阅读英文文章时，标注短语动词，观察它们在真实句子中的用法。

SPM完形填空常见陷阱

“She has to look _____ her younger brother every afternoon.”

A. at B. for C. after D. up

答案是C（after），因为”look after”表示照顾。不了解短语动词的学生常常猜”at”，因为”look at”看起来更合理。

想更快积累词汇？

短语动词只是词汇拼图的一部分。在SPMEnglish.com.my，Teacher Daletha用中英双语教学，系统性地用SPM专用词汇表、语境学习和定期测验来帮你积累词汇。WhatsApp我们，了解我们如何帮助你扩大SPM词汇量。

每个SPM英文考生必须掌握的50个短语动词