什么是短语动词？为什么对SPM重要？
短语动词（phrasal verb）是动词与介词或副词组合后产生新含义的词组。例如，“give up”不是”向上给”的意思——而是”放弃”。
SPM英文在几个方面测试短语动词：
- 完形填空（Paper 1）— 填入正确的短语动词
- 阅读理解（Paper 2）— 在语境中理解短语动词
- 作文写作 — 自然使用短语动词展示词汇广度
按主题分类的50个必备短语动词
交流与关系
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Bring up | 提及话题；抚养 | She brought up an important point. |
| Get along | 关系融洽 | I get along well with my classmates. |
| Fall out | 吵架；绝交 | They fell out over a misunderstanding. |
| Make up | 和好 | They made up the next day. |
| Turn down | 拒绝 | He turned down the invitation. |
| Look up to | 敬仰 | I look up to my teacher. |
| Put up with | 忍受 | She had to put up with the noise. |
学习与学校
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Catch up | 赶上进度 | I need to catch up on missed lessons. |
| Figure out | 弄清楚；解决 | She figured out the problem. |
| Go over | 复习 | Let’s go over the notes before the exam. |
| Hand in | 上交 | Please hand in your homework by Friday. |
| Keep up | 跟上 | He struggled to keep up with the class. |
| Look up | 查找信息 | I looked up the meaning of that word. |
| Point out | 指出 | The teacher pointed out several errors. |
| Work out | 计算；解决 | I need to work out the answer. |
日常生活
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Carry out | 执行；完成 | Students carried out the experiment. |
| Come across | 偶然发现 | I came across an interesting article. |
| Deal with | 处理 | She knows how to deal with pressure. |
| Give up | 放弃 | Don’t give up even when it’s hard. |
| Look after | 照顾 | She looks after her younger siblings. |
| Look forward to | 期待 | I’m looking forward to the holidays. |
| Pick up | 非正式学会；接 | She picked up English through reading. |
| Put off | 推迟 | Don’t put off your revision. |
| Run out of | 用完 | We ran out of time during the exam. |
| Set up | 建立 | They set up a recycling programme. |
感受与观点
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Calm down | 冷静下来 | Calm down before the exam. |
| Come up with | 想出（主意） | She came up with a creative solution. |
| Find out | 发现；了解 | I found out the test was postponed. |
| Look into | 调查 | The principal will look into the complaint. |
| Take after | 像（家人） | She takes after her mother. |
变化与进展
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Break down | 故障；崩溃 | The bus broke down on the way. |
| Bring about | 引起；导致 | Technology brought about major changes. |
| Cut down on | 减少 | She cut down on screen time. |
| End up | 最终变成 | You’ll end up failing if you don’t study. |
| Go on | 继续 | She went on studying despite difficulties. |
| Turn out | 结果是 | The event turned out to be a success. |
| Call off | 取消 | Sports day was called off due to rain. |
如何有效学习短语动词
1. 在语境中学习
不要死记”bring up = 提及”。而是学习完整的句子，大脑记住故事比记住定义更容易。
2. 按基础动词分组
把使用相同基础动词的短语动词放在一起学：
- Take up, take after, take over, take into account
- Look up, look after, look into, look up to, look forward to
3. 在作文中使用
挑战自己在每篇作文中自然使用3-5个短语动词。这向考官展示你的词汇广度，直接影响分数。
4. 阅读时注意它们
每次阅读英文文章时，标注短语动词，观察它们在真实句子中的用法。
SPM完形填空常见陷阱
“She has to look _____ her younger brother every afternoon.”
- A. at B. for C. after D. up
答案是C（after），因为”look after”表示照顾。不了解短语动词的学生常常猜”at”，因为”look at”看起来更合理。
想更快积累词汇？
短语动词只是词汇拼图的一部分。在SPMEnglish.com.my，Teacher Daletha用中英双语教学，系统性地用SPM专用词汇表、语境学习和定期测验来帮你积累词汇。WhatsApp我们，了解我们如何帮助你扩大SPM词汇量。
相关资源
- SPM词汇积累 — 系统化词汇提升
- SPM英文习语与谚语 — 丰富你的作文语言
- 阅读理解策略 — 在语境中理解短语动词