为什么要学更多短语动词?
如果你已经学了第一组50个短语动词,你已经有了扎实的基础。但SPM英文考试文章会用到各种短语动词,完形填空(cloze passage)尤其喜欢考那些不太常见的。
这第二组30个短语动词按小品词(particle)分类——就是那些改变动词含义的小词(up, down, out, off, on)。这样学习能帮你发现规律,考试中遇到陌生的短语动词也能猜出大概意思。
带”UP”的短语动词
“Up”通常暗示完成、增加或改善。
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Use up | 用尽 | We have used up all the printer ink. |
| Back up | 支持;备份 | Can you back up your argument with evidence? |
| Cheer up | 振作起来 | She tried to cheer up her friend after the exam. |
| Draw up | 拟定(计划、文件) | The committee drew up a list of rules. |
| Mix up | 混淆 | Students often mix up “affect” and “effect.” |
| Sum up | 总结 | To sum up, preparation is the key to success. |
记忆规律
“Up”搭配动词时,想想:完成(use up, sum up)、改善(cheer up)或创建(draw up)。
带”DOWN”的短语动词
“Down”通常暗示减少、记录或停止。
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Break down | 损坏;分解分析 | Let me break down the marking scheme for you. |
| Cut down | 减少 | You should cut down on screen time before exams. |
| Jot down | 快速记下 | Jot down the key points as you read. |
| Narrow down | 缩小范围 | I narrowed down my essay topics to three. |
| Settle down | 安静下来 | The class finally settled down after recess. |
| Turn down | 调低音量;拒绝 | She turned down the scholarship offer. |
记忆规律
“Down”搭配动词通常表示减少(cut down, narrow down)或记录(jot down)。完形填空中如果语境涉及减少什么东西,“down”很可能是正确的小品词。
带”OUT”的短语动词
“Out”通常暗示发现、消失或分发。
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Carry out | 执行;完成 | Students carried out a survey on reading habits. |
| Die out | 灭绝 | Some traditional crafts are dying out in Malaysia. |
| Hand out | 分发 | The teacher handed out the worksheets. |
| Leave out | 遗漏;排除 | Don’t leave out any content points in directed writing. |
| Rule out | 排除可能性 | We can rule out option A — it’s grammatically wrong. |
| Stand out | 突出;出众 | Her essay stood out because of its vivid descriptions. |
记忆规律
“Out”可以表示完成(carry out)、消除(leave out, rule out)或分发(hand out)。
带”OFF”的短语动词
“Off”通常暗示离开、断开或取消。
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Call off | 取消 | Sports day was called off due to heavy rain. |
| Drop off | 下降;送某人到某处 | Attendance dropped off in the final week. |
| Pay off | 得到回报 | All those hours of revision finally paid off. |
| Put off | 推迟;使反感 | Don’t put off your revision until the last week. |
| Set off | 出发;触发 | We set off early to avoid traffic. |
| Show off | 炫耀 | He likes to show off his vocabulary in essays. |
记忆规律
“Off”通常表示停止/取消(call off, put off)、开始(set off)或成功(pay off)。停止和开始的对比使”off”短语动词成为考试热点。
带”ON”的短语动词
“On”通常暗示继续、依赖或附着。
| 短语动词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Carry on | 继续 | Carry on reading while I check the answers. |
| Count on | 依靠 | You can count on Teacher Daletha for clear explanations. |
| Hold on | 等一下;抓紧 | Hold on — let me re-read that question. |
| Move on | 继续下一件事 | Once you’ve finished Section A, move on to Section B. |
| Take on | 接受挑战;雇用 | She took on the role of class monitor. |
| Try on | 试穿;尝试 | He tried on different essay structures before the exam. |
记忆规律
“On”通常表示继续(carry on, move on)或接受/依赖(count on, take on)。
完形填空练习
试试填入正确的短语动词:
段落:
学校组织慈善跑步为新图书馆筹款。学生会在活动两个月前(1) _______ 了一份详细计划。但原定日期预报有暴雨,所以他们不得不将活动(2) _______ 一周。
新日期当天,300名学生从学校操场(3) _______ 出发。到了中午,他们已经(4) _______ 了所有饮用水,所以食堂商贩(5) _______ 了额外的水瓶。
答案:
- drew up(拟定计划)
- put off(推迟)
- set off(出发)
- used up(用尽)
- handed out(分发)
小品词核心含义速查表
| 小品词 | 核心含义 | 联想… |
|---|---|---|
| Up | 完成、增加、改善 | 结束、上升 |
| Down | 减少、记录、停止 | 下降、书写 |
| Out | 发现、消失、分发 | 传播、移除 |
| Off | 离开、断开、取消 | 分离、离开 |
| On | 继续、依赖、附着 | 坚持、持续 |
这不会每次都给你准确含义,但它能帮你在完形填空中把四个选项缩减到两个——这意味着你的正确率翻倍。
想系统性地提升词汇量?
短语动词在SPM英文各科试卷中频繁出现。在SPMEnglish.com.my,我们通过语境学习来积累词汇——不是死记硬背单词表。WhatsApp我们%20and%20I%27d%20like%20to%20enquire%20about%20tutoring.)了解我们如何帮助你扩展SPM词汇量。
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- SPM词汇积累 — 系统性词汇提升
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