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常见英文短语动词第二弹:SPM必备30个

在第一组50个短语动词基础上,再学30个SPM英文必备短语动词。按小品词(up, down, out, off, on)分类,附含义、例句和完形填空练习。

作者: Teacher Daletha · 7 分钟阅读 · 2024年9月23日
8年教学经验
2,000+学生
83%学生提升2+等级
SPM英文专家

为什么要学更多短语动词?

如果你已经学了第一组50个短语动词,你已经有了扎实的基础。但SPM英文考试文章会用到各种短语动词,完形填空(cloze passage)尤其喜欢考那些不太常见的。

这第二组30个短语动词按小品词(particle)分类——就是那些改变动词含义的小词(up, down, out, off, on)。这样学习能帮你发现规律,考试中遇到陌生的短语动词也能猜出大概意思。

带”UP”的短语动词

“Up”通常暗示完成、增加或改善

短语动词含义例句
Use up用尽We have used up all the printer ink.
Back up支持;备份Can you back up your argument with evidence?
Cheer up振作起来She tried to cheer up her friend after the exam.
Draw up拟定(计划、文件)The committee drew up a list of rules.
Mix up混淆Students often mix up “affect” and “effect.”
Sum up总结To sum up, preparation is the key to success.

记忆规律

“Up”搭配动词时,想想:完成(use up, sum up)、改善(cheer up)或创建(draw up)。

带”DOWN”的短语动词

“Down”通常暗示减少、记录或停止

短语动词含义例句
Break down损坏;分解分析Let me break down the marking scheme for you.
Cut down减少You should cut down on screen time before exams.
Jot down快速记下Jot down the key points as you read.
Narrow down缩小范围I narrowed down my essay topics to three.
Settle down安静下来The class finally settled down after recess.
Turn down调低音量;拒绝She turned down the scholarship offer.

记忆规律

“Down”搭配动词通常表示减少(cut down, narrow down)或记录(jot down)。完形填空中如果语境涉及减少什么东西,“down”很可能是正确的小品词。

带”OUT”的短语动词

“Out”通常暗示发现、消失或分发

短语动词含义例句
Carry out执行;完成Students carried out a survey on reading habits.
Die out灭绝Some traditional crafts are dying out in Malaysia.
Hand out分发The teacher handed out the worksheets.
Leave out遗漏;排除Don’t leave out any content points in directed writing.
Rule out排除可能性We can rule out option A — it’s grammatically wrong.
Stand out突出;出众Her essay stood out because of its vivid descriptions.

记忆规律

“Out”可以表示完成(carry out)、消除(leave out, rule out)或分发(hand out)。

带”OFF”的短语动词

“Off”通常暗示离开、断开或取消

短语动词含义例句
Call off取消Sports day was called off due to heavy rain.
Drop off下降;送某人到某处Attendance dropped off in the final week.
Pay off得到回报All those hours of revision finally paid off.
Put off推迟;使反感Don’t put off your revision until the last week.
Set off出发;触发We set off early to avoid traffic.
Show off炫耀He likes to show off his vocabulary in essays.

记忆规律

“Off”通常表示停止/取消(call off, put off)、开始(set off)或成功(pay off)。停止和开始的对比使”off”短语动词成为考试热点。

带”ON”的短语动词

“On”通常暗示继续、依赖或附着

短语动词含义例句
Carry on继续Carry on reading while I check the answers.
Count on依靠You can count on Teacher Daletha for clear explanations.
Hold on等一下;抓紧Hold on — let me re-read that question.
Move on继续下一件事Once you’ve finished Section A, move on to Section B.
Take on接受挑战;雇用She took on the role of class monitor.
Try on试穿;尝试He tried on different essay structures before the exam.

记忆规律

“On”通常表示继续(carry on, move on)或接受/依赖(count on, take on)。

完形填空练习

试试填入正确的短语动词:

段落:

学校组织慈善跑步为新图书馆筹款。学生会在活动两个月前(1) _______ 了一份详细计划。但原定日期预报有暴雨,所以他们不得不将活动(2) _______ 一周。

新日期当天,300名学生从学校操场(3) _______ 出发。到了中午,他们已经(4) _______ 了所有饮用水,所以食堂商贩(5) _______ 了额外的水瓶。

答案:

  1. drew up(拟定计划)
  2. put off(推迟)
  3. set off(出发)
  4. used up(用尽)
  5. handed out(分发)

小品词核心含义速查表

小品词核心含义联想…
Up完成、增加、改善结束、上升
Down减少、记录、停止下降、书写
Out发现、消失、分发传播、移除
Off离开、断开、取消分离、离开
On继续、依赖、附着坚持、持续

这不会每次都给你准确含义,但它能帮你在完形填空中把四个选项缩减到两个——这意味着你的正确率翻倍。

想系统性地提升词汇量?

短语动词在SPM英文各科试卷中频繁出现。在SPMEnglish.com.my,我们通过语境学习来积累词汇——不是死记硬背单词表。WhatsApp我们%20and%20I%27d%20like%20to%20enquire%20about%20tutoring.)了解我们如何帮助你扩展SPM词汇量。

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Teacher Daletha
8 years teaching SPM English · 2,000+ students tutored · 83% of students improve by 2+ grades · Bilingual teaching (English & Mandarin) · SPM English subject matter specialist

Teacher Daletha创办SPMEnglish.com.my,帮助马来西亚学生——尤其是华校和国民学校背景的学生——在SPM英文考试中取得更高分数。她用英文和华语将复杂的英文概念分解为清晰实用的步骤,让学生真正理解后再运用。

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